Messines 1917

I'm contemplating the rather lengthy task of scanning my grandfather's Great War diaries. Here are a couple of pages detailing his experience (in Australian 10th Brigade HQ) of the opening days of the assault on Messines (diary entries for 7–8 June 1917).

Oblique view of Messines 1st May 1917

HJS personal diary, Messines, 6th to 7th June 1917

HJS personal diary, Messines, 7th to 8th June 1917

HJS personal diary, Messines, 8th to 9th June 1917

The 'Poilus' hit the painting table and plans for 1915-2015

Jumping the Bags has been silent over the festive season as turkey, Christmas pud and good cheer tempted me away from the painting table.

But, the excesses of Christmas have waned and old, fat b'stard's mind turns to wargaming again! 2015 will bring new challenges. I can't let the centenary of the Gallipoli landings escape without some effort to commemorate it on the tabletop. My attention will be well and truly fixed on the Western Front as well – so there is much to do!

I look to British Pathe for a little inspiration!
http://www.britishpathe.com/video/mobilisation-1

My resolution for the new year is to finish off my work on 1914 – A German Corps (80% done), BEF infantry division (80% done), and French infantry division (just started), and some cavalry for all (no progress beyond divisional assets)!

I am in the process of buying in a (Irregular Miniatures 6mm) Turkish infantry division for Gallipoli (and elsewhere) and they will be the next big project to be ready for 24th April. I'm going to allow myself the head start of using my 1914 BEF units for Gallipoli to buy some much needed time. Terrain is a whole other matter.

Something I hope to do early in 2015 is catch up on some 1914 gaming that I was too busy preparing for last year, to actually get onto. This is made very possible by the very welcome Christmas present from Shawn Taylor and Robert Dunlop with the release of their magnificent Great War Spearhead II scenario book, 'Marching to War'! Well done chaps!

Having just finished a brigade of BEF (they look exactly the same as the others already posted, so won't bother with more pics), I'm now turning my hand to the mighty poilu!

First, here are a couple of postcards my grandfather has in his Great war collection. I'm working on translating the text on the reverse of each postcard and will post at a later point.

 

This first card (above) has the date 4 September 1913 in the text, so I assume pre-war correspondence. The poilus have a certain carefree attitude when you look closely, perhaps this date explains why!

 In the second postcard (above) the grognards and their officers have more of an 'on campaign' look about their uniforms and equipment (and faces). It's interesting to note the difference in the condition of the uniforms and equipment of the subjects between the first and second pictures. I believe this picture was taken in Belgium – the author "Emile" writes of his journey to "X ... " and complains about how strong the light is there with 'les camarades belges.'

Here are a few early stands I've been experimenting with. I've discovered I've got the packs and equipment wrong so I am going back over them at the moment.

The 151ème Régiment d'Infanterie de Ligne webpage is certainly coming in handy for French infantry uniform and equipment details. Well worth a visit.

Thanks for dropping in.

Cheers and a happy new year!

The Swan of the East (II)

For the 100th anniversary of the Battle of Cocos – Australia's first naval victory where HMAS Sydney intercepted and sank the notorious raider SMS Emden on 9th November 1914 – I commemorated the historic engagement with three events:

• An early morning 'light' version of the battle with my 7 year old lad
• A re-enactment (of sorts) of the engagement in 1:2400 scale
• A 'what if' refight of the duel straying from the historical outcomes a little!

Emden vs. Sydney (i): a fun 'light'version

Father (Sydney - mid right hand side) and son (Emden, bottom left)  face off

We quickly came to grips and the young guy's dice rolling won the day for him!

Emden vs Sydney (ii): historical outcome

For the actual time of the anniversary, I programmed my phone with the main stages of the duel (using Cocos Island times GMT + 6:30) and followed the action on the table.

Emden vs Sydney: The re-match!

Finally, late on the evening of 9th November I allowed myself to stray away from the historical, and conduct a re-fight between these old foes!

The opening salvo from HMAS Sydney falls short!

The second salvo from Sydney falls short - the range finders need a strong cup of tea.

Sydney's gunners find their target - they straddle the Emden, no hits.

Emden seeking to close distance on Sydney to bring her guns into range. 

Emden's salvo falls short, Sydney's gunnery starts to tell on the Emden.

SMS Emden had taken heavy damage and lost a few guns firing into her port arc.

A momentary lapse in the accuracy of Glossop's guns allow von Muller to draw into close range.

Nearly crippled, SMS Emden is locked into this fight. To fall away from the action would only mean the end with Sydney's guns able to pound her from beyond Emden's maximum range.

Von Muller steers the Emden in close for what might be the final broadside as both Captains order torpedo attacks (both ineffectual). All of Emden's guns firing into the port arc were disabled in this clash.

In a rare stroke of luck in this game, von Muller gets the initiative and  steers behind the Sydney - crossing the T, launching a final torpedo and firing a furious salvo from her untouched starboard arc. The German gunnery is deadly accurate pounding the Sydney. Sydney replies with her aft gun - a single hit at this stage will sink the Emden.

Disaster! Emden's torpedo strikes home and, along with the furious broadside, tips the balance. Sydney explodes in a sheet of flame and slips beneath the waves. Her single gun missing the near crippled Emden! von Muller - snatches victory, from the jaws of defeat!

So what does this jaw-dropping conclusion to a tense duel really mean for von Muller? His ship was critically damaged. With few (if any) safe havens in the Indian Ocean, his days of harassing trade are done. On news of the loss of the Sydney, one can only assume a second ship would have been dispatched to finish the Emden off. 

Perhaps von Muller's last act would have been to return to Direction Island and finish the task of destroying this important communication hub. If that were the case, the Emden's campaign in the east could still only be seen as a major success for the Imperial German Navy.

Wrecked telegraph station, Direction Island.

'What if's' aside, the real purpose of this game was to pause and acknowledge the terrible sacrifices on both sides that brought to an end this glorious chapter in naval history in the far east.

Crew of the HMAS Sydney after the battle with SMS Emden

SMS Emden's wounded under cover on the deck of the Sydney 

The final fate of SMS Emden, viewed from the deck of HMAS Sydney

A terrible end - SMS Emden beached in the surf on North Keeling Island

With thanks to: http://sydneyemden100.com.au/gallery#M247-06_SMS_Emden

 Vale!

11-11-1918

Copy of the wire sent to General Sir John Monash's HQ on 11 November 1918

Coronel, 1 November 1914

'I shall not see you again, Allardyce ...'
Rear Admiral Sir Christopher Cradock to Sir William Allardyce, Govoner of the Falkland Islands, On his departure to search for von Spee, October 1914.

After sailing from the Falklands, Rear Admiral Sir Christopher Cradock rounded the Horn with HMS Good Hope (flag), HMS Monmouth, HMS Glasgow and the Armed Merchant Cruiser Otranto. Cradock had cabled the Admiralty on 22nd October 1914 that he was going to round Cape Horn in search of Vice-Admiral Maximilian von Spee's German East Asia Squadron.

The East Asia Squadron (and Chilean cruisers in the foreground) leaving Valparaiso harbour in Chile,  

In the hunt for von Spee, Cradock had been lured north along the Chilean coast after HMS Glasgow picked up signals from SMS Leipzig indicating she was operating nearby. Von Spee capitalised on this by ordering all signals from his squadron to be prefixed with the Leipzig's call sign. Cradock was keen for a fight and, as night fell on 31 October, ordered Glasgow to meet him 80 km west of the port of Coronel at noon the next day.

On the morning of  1st November, Cradock's squadron was steaming north. The dawn had seen rising seas, scudding clouds and a strengthening breeze from the south-east. HMS Canopus had signalled that she was was 500 km to the south and steaming to meet them. As the day wore on, the seas grew heavier with 3 to 5 metre waved and nearly gale force winds of 30 knots.

HMS Canopus (in her heyday) off Gibraltar by Charles Dixon (1901)

Leipzig and Glasgow spotted each other at almost simultaneously at 16:17. Both called their crews to action stations and moved to engage. It was only a matter of minutes before the masthead lookout on the Glasgow spotted more smoke and realised they had found the entire East Asia Squadron!

The Glasgow signalled the news to Cradock and turned back to the south-west to join the rest of the squadron. Craddock ordered his ships to form up in line astern behind him and set a southerly course almost parallel to von Spee. As the sun sunk in the west, Cradock gambled on the dazzling effect of the sunset behind him to give him some advantage over the German gun layers.

SMS Scharnhorst at Coronel

Sunset was at 19:00. At 19:05, von Spee's ships opened fire with deadly effect. The fate of Cradock's South Atlantic Squadron was soon sealed. Good Hope and Monmouth were sunk with all hands – 1,600 British officers and men were dead with Cradock among them – Glasgow and Otranto both escaped.

HMS Good Hope (Cradock's flagship) on fire at the action at Coronel, 1 November 1914, by W.L. Wyllie

Of Cradock's circumstances, Sir Julian S Corbett wrote:

It is not without emotion that one contemplates the feelings of so fine an officer when suddenly he found himself face to face with the hopeless situation into which, against all his protests and better judgment, he clearly believed himself to have been forced. A cloud that can never be lifted has fallen on one of the most tragic moments in our Naval history. All we can ever know is the silver lining.

HISTORY OF THE GREAT WAR - NAVAL OPERATIONS, Volume 1, to the Battle of the Falklands, December 1914 (1920) by Sir Julian S Corbett, Accessible at:  http://www.naval-history.net/WW1Book-RN1b.htm#25

To commemorate the 100th anniversary of this tragic encounter in the south-west Pacific in the opening months of the Great War, I dusted off my 1:2400 Panzerschiffe ships and played the Battle of Coronel scenario provided with Grand Fleets II naval rules.

Purnell's History of the First World War (c. 1970) - possibly the first place I read of the action at Coronel! 

Historically, Cradock, on sighting von Spee's squadron, brought his ships about to cruise in line astern parallel to the enemy – the two lines of ships steaming south separated by 16,500 metres of rolling seas. Cradock's plan was to use the setting sun to his advantage – dazzling the German gun layers.

However, in this scenario, Cradock ordered his squadron to reform from line abreast to line ahead, and steered them a few points off their northerly heading towards von Spee to make a pass on the seaward side of the German line of battle.

16:45, 1 November 1914, von Spee's East Asiatic Squadron (sailing south, bottom left) is sighted by Cradock (heading north, top right) in heavy seas off the port of Coronel on the Chilean coast (off to the left of the picture).

Vice-Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee's East Asiatic Squadron - the armoured cruisers SMS Scharnhorst and SMS Gneisenau and the light cruisers SMS Dresden and SMS Leipzig (sailing backwards in this picture to taunt the British!) 

Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher Cradock's South Atlantic Squadron - at Coronel he had the armoured cruisers HMS Good Hope (Cradock's flagship), and HMS Monmouth, the light cruiser HMS Glasgow and a converted liner—HMS Otranto.

Just on sunset (below), the two squadrons in line of battle pass each other at medium range. Von Spee orders Scharnhorst and Gneisenau to direct the first salvos of the engagement towards HMS Glasgow, the lead British ship. German gunnery is intense, and accurate with three hits on Glasgow by Scharnhorst, knocking out a main 6" gun and two secondary 4" guns. HMS Glasgow's salvo causes only minor damage to Scharnhorst.

As the light begins to fade (below), von Spee orders all this ships to engage the British line - Glasgow (lead ship, bottom left of picture), Monmouth and Good Hope (at the rear). The setting sun outlined the British allowing the German fire controllers to send in several deadly salvos. 

• Dresden and Leipzig achieve two hits on the Glasgow knocking out two 4" guns. 
• Monmouth takes three hits from Gneisenau – one critical and causing a major fire – the other two knock out two 6" guns. 
• Good Hope takes two hits from Scharnhorst knocking out two guns. 
• The thin-skinned liner Otranto shelters further out to sea behind the British line of battle. 

Cradock orders his ships to return fire, but in the rolling seas, the British gunnery is mostly ineffective although a critical hit by Monmouth causes a fire on Gneisenau.

As darkness falls (below), von Spee orders his squadron to come about and pick off the battered and disordered British line. Glasgow had already limped out to sea critically damaged. As Gneisenau, Leipzig and Dresden (top right of picture, L to R) close in and train their guns on the burning British ships, Scharnhorst (bottom centre) swings in a wide arc hoping to cut off any route of escape for Good Hope (centre) and Monmouth (upper left).

• Gneisenau lands two final hits on the Monmouth – she is crippled with no armaments intact.
• In the gloom Good Hope's gunners pick out the Scharnhorst and unleash a furious salvo with five hits hammering the German Flag – the Bridge receives a direct hit, major flooding is caused but is contained with a quick reaction by the damage crews.
• Leipzig responds to the last stand of the Good Hope, knocking out the Flag's fire control and the two remaining 6" guns to starboard. 
• Dresden's gunners find the lumbering bulk of the Otranto in the darkness and four hits find their mark causing significant structural damage and knocking out two 4.7" guns to starboard.

In the darkness, Cradock's mortally wounded squadron limps out to sea as the crews attempt to douse fires and stem any flooding. Casualties are heavy, but the knowledge that von Spee's squadron still hunts in the darkness means that all available attention must be given to reforming and (hopefully) slipping away under cover of night.

Cradock's thoughts turn to how he might get past von Spee in the night and, hopefully, make harbour at Coronel in the morning. One might also pass a thought for HMS Caonopus, over 500 km (300 nautical miles) to the south of their current position, how Cradock could have used her 12" guns that evening!

Actually, this is damage to the deck of HMS Chester sustained during the battle of Jutland – one can only imagine the challenge of making repairs on ships damaged in actions far from their home port. 

For the Germans, much depended on what damage the shells of the HMS Good Hope had wreaked on the bridge of the Scharnhorst in the last minutes of the engagement – was von Spee wounded? Was he dead? Would the east Asiatic Squadron press on after Cradock or slip away south and round the Horn? Theirs was a tactical victory at the very least – but safe harbour at Wilhelmshaven was literally half a world away!